Effect of systemic administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on apical periodontitis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in drinking water on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. In total 60 animals were divided into a control group (sound teeth); Group I - regular water without AP; Group II - probiotic water without AP; Group III - regular water with AP; Group IV - probiotic water with AP. AP was induced after 3 days in the control groups and after 7, 21, and 42 days in groups III and IV. The animals were euthanized, and the mandibles were subjected to histotechnical processing. Samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to identify root canal features, apical and periapical regions. Additionally, histoenzymology was performed to detect osteoclasts, immunohistochemistry was used to identify osteoclastogenesis markers, and the Brown & Brenn technique was applied for microbiological analysis. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 with a significance level of 5%. Although no statistical differences were observed, the groups administered with probiotics showed better conditions in terms of histological aspects seen microscopically. Furthermore, there were no differences in the number of osteoclasts (p > 0.05). The RANKL marker was not found in the probiotic group at 42 days, unlike in group III.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 has antimicrobial activity against endodontic pathogens in vitro.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, through the well technique, against 10 microorganisms can be found involved in endodontic infections. The antimicrobial activity of the probiotic was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. For the control group, it was used non-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kocuria rizhopilla. After 48 to 72 h of incubation of the petri dishes containing the culture medium, the microorganism strains, and the probiotic, the plates were examined to assess the uniformity of microbial growth, presence of contaminants, and the halo of inhibition. After visual inspection, the reading of the halo of inhibition was performed with the aid of a digital caliper using a reflected light source to illuminate the inverted plate on a black, opaque background after removing the cap. Thus, 3 values were obtained from each bacterial inoculum, which were added and divided by three to obtain the average of the values. The results of the in vitro study demonstrated that the probiotic B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 promoted the inhibition of all strains of the pathogens evaluated, with the exception of Candida albicans, demonstrating antimicrobial activity on these microorganisms.

Effects of oral administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on the treatment of plaque-induced generalized gingivitis.

OBJECTIVES: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the adjuvant effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on the treatment of plaque-induced generalized gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients were submitted to professional supragingival scaling and prophylaxis. They were randomly assigned to test (probiotic lozenges containing B. lactis HN019, n = 30) or control (placebo lozenges, n = 30) groups. Lozenges were consumed twice a day for 8 weeks. Bleeding on probing (BoP), Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and after 2 and 8 weeks. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected at baseline and at 8 weeks for analysis of the inflammatory mediators IL-1ß, IL-1α, IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1ß. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: After 8 weeks, both groups showed reduction in the percentage of PI, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.7423). The test group presented a lower percentage of BoP and a higher percentage of sites with GI ≤ 1 when compared with the control group at the end of the study (p < 0.0001). At 8 weeks, the test group had a greater number of patients without generalized gingivitis than the control group (20 and 11 patients, respectively; p < 0.05). The test group presented significantly lower levels of IL-1α, IL-1ß, and MCP-1 in GCF than the control group at the end of the study (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The adjunct use of B. lactis HN019 promotes additional clinical and immunological benefits in the treatment of generalized gingivitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: B. lactis HN019 can be an efficient and side-effect-free adjunct strategy in the treatment of generalized gingivitis.

Effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis in rats.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: control, C-HD100 (B. bacteriovorus), EP, and EP-HD100. On day 0, EP was induced by the placement of cotton ligatures around the mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the EP and EP-HD100 groups. In the C-HD100 and EP-HD100 groups, suspensions containing 1 × 109  PUF/ml of B. bacteriovorus HD100 were topically administered to the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 14. Morphometrics analyses were performed in hemimandibles. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-10, IL-1ß, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and regulated on activation and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzymatic immunoassays in gingival tissues. Beta defensin (BD)-1, BD-2, and BD-3, Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4, and a cluster of differentiation (CD)-4, CD-8 and CD-57 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in hemimandibles. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The EP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than EP-HD100 (p < .05). The EP-HD100 group showed higher levels of MCP-1, RANTES, IL-10, and TGF-ß, lower levels of TNF-α than the EP group (p < .05). No differences were observed in IL-1ß, IL-6, and M-CSF levels between EP and EP-HD100 groups. The C-HD100 group had higher IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, and MCP-1 levels than the control group (p < .05). Regarding BD, the EP-HD100 group showed a larger immunolabeling pattern for BD-1, BD-2, and BD-3 than the EP group (p < .05). No significant differences in the immunolabeling pattern were observed for TLR-2, TLR-4, CD-4, CD-8, and CD-57 between EP and EP-HD100 groups. CONCLUSION: The topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 reduces alveolar bone loss, increases expression of BD, and modulates the cytokines levels on periodontal tissues in rats with EP.

Effect of systemic administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on apical periodontitis

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in drinking water on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. In total 60 animals were divided into a control group (sound teeth); Group I - regular water without AP; Group II - probiotic water without AP; Group III - regular water with AP; Group IV - probiotic water with AP. AP was induced after 3 days in the control groups and after 7, 21, and 42 days in groups III and IV. The animals were euthanized, and the mandibles were subjected to histotechnical processing. Samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to identify root canal features, apical and periapical regions. Additionally, histoenzymology was performed to detect osteoclasts, immunohistochemistry was used to identify osteoclastogenesis markers, and the Brown & Brenn technique was applied for microbiological analysis. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 with a significance level of 5%. Although no statistical differences were observed, the groups administered with probiotics showed better conditions in terms of histological aspects seen microscopically. Furthermore, there were no differences in the number of osteoclasts (p > 0.05). The RANKL marker was not found in the probiotic group at 42 days, unlike in group III.

Use of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in Oral Diseases.

The oral cavity is one of the environments on the human body with the highest concentrations of microorganisms that coexist harmoniously and maintain homeostasis related to oral health. Several local factors can shift the microbiome to a pathogenic state of dysbiosis. Existing treatments for infections caused by changes in the oral cavity aim to control biofilm dysbiosis and restore microbial balance. Studies have used probiotics as treatments for oral diseases, due to their ability to reduce the pathogenicity of the microbiota and immunoinflammatory changes. This review investigates the role of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in oral health, and its mechanism of action in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This probiotic strain is a lactic acid bacterium that is safe for human consumption. It mediates bacterial co-aggregation with pathogens and modulates the immune response. Studies using B. lactis HN019 in periodontitis and peri-implant mucositis have shown it to be a potential adjuvant treatment with beneficial microbiological and immunological effects. Studies evaluating its oral effects and mechanism of action show that this probiotic strain has the potential to be used in several dental applications because of its benefit to the host.

Osteoporosis Affects Functional Activity and Gene Expression of Osteoblastic Cells Derived from Rat Alveolar Bone.

Recent studies suggest that osteoporosis, in addition to the damage caused in long bones, may cause deterioration in the jaws, especially in alveolar bone sites, with effects in the progress of periodontal disease as well as in bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osteoporosis in the metabolism of rat alveolar bone osteoblasts. There were used 10 female rats divided in two experimental groups (Sham and OVX), which were ovariectomized and after 8 weeks euthanized to collect mandibular bone samples in order to isolate osteoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in 24-well plates to perform the in vitro experiments. After 7, 10 and 14 days, there were evaluated cell proliferation by MTT assay, in situ detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as mineralized nodules and expression of genes associated to bone remodeling. Results showed that at 7, 10 and 14 days cell proliferation was lower for OVX group. In situ detection of ALP was higher at 7 days and lower at 10 and 14 days in OVX group. At 17 and 21 days, OVX group had a significative decrease of mineralization nodules. There was a downregulation in the expression of Alp, Bglap and Runx2 genes and an upregulation of Opg in OVX group, whereas Opn and Rankl modulation was similar between the evaluated groups. Our results suggest that osteoporosis has a deleterious effect on alveolar bone cells from ovariectomized rats, which might affect the treatment of diseases associated to the jaw bones.

Osteoporosis affects functional activity and gene expression of osteoblastic cells derived from rat alveolar bone

Abstract Recent studies suggest that osteoporosis, in addition to the damage caused in long bones, may cause deterioration in the jaws, especially in alveolar bone sites, with effects in the progress of periodontal disease as well as in bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osteoporosis in the metabolism of rat alveolar bone osteoblasts. There were used 10 female rats divided in two experimental groups (Sham and OVX), which were ovariectomized and after 8 weeks euthanized to collect mandibular bone samples in order to isolate osteoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in 24-well plates to perform the in vitro experiments. After 7, 10 and 14 days, there were evaluated cell proliferation by MTT assay, in situ detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as mineralized nodules and expression of genes associated to bone remodeling. Results showed that at 7, 10 and 14 days cell proliferation was lower for OVX group. In situ detection of ALP was higher at 7 days and lower at 10 and 14 days in OVX group. At 17 and 21 days, OVX group had a significative decrease of mineralization nodules. There was a downregulation in the expression of Alp, Bglap and Runx2 genes and an upregulation of Opg in OVX group, whereas Opn and Rankl modulation was similar between the evaluated groups. Our results suggest that osteoporosis has a deleterious effect on alveolar bone cells from ovariectomized rats, which might affect the treatment of diseases associated to the jaw bones.

Resumo Estudos recentes sugerem que a osteoporose, além dos danos provocados em ossos longos, pode causar deterioração dos ossos maxilares, especialmente na região do osso alveolar, com efeitos na progressão da doença periodontal assim como no reparo ósseo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da osteoporose no metabolismo de osteoblastos do osso alveolar mandibular de ratos. Foram utilizadas 10 ratas fêmeas divididas em dois grupos experimentais (Sham e OVX), que foram ovariectomizadas e após 8 semanas, eutanasiadas para coletar amostras do osso mandibular e isolar as células osteoblásticas. As células foram cultivadas em placas de cultura de 24 poços para serem realizados os experimentos in vitro. Após 7, 10 e 14 dias foram avaliados a proliferação celular pelo ensaio de MTT, detecção in situ de fosfatase alcalina (ALP) assim como de nódulos mineralizados e expressão quantitativa de genes associados à remodelação óssea. Os resultados mostraram que aos 7, 10 e 14 dias a proliferação celular foi menor para o grupo OVX. A detecção in situ de ALP foi maior aos 7 dias e menor aos 10 e 14 dias no grupo OVX. Aos 17 e 21 dias o grupo OVX apresentou uma diminuição dos nódulos mineralizados. Houve uma repressão na expressão dos genes Alp, Bglap e Runx2 e uma indução do gene Opg no grupo OVX, enquanto que a modulação dos genes Opn e Rankl foi similar entre os grupos experimentais. Nossos resultados sugerem que a osteoporose tem um efeito deletério no metabolismo de células do osso alveolar em ratas ovariectomizadas, o que pode afetar o tratamento de doenças associadas aos ossos maxilares

Electroacupuncture increases immunoexpression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in experimental model of inflammatory bone loss.

This study evaluated the participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the antiresorptive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on an experimental model of inflammatory bone loss in rats. 30 rats were divided into five groups: C (control); EP (experimental periodontitis); EA (C+ EA); EP-EA (EP+ EA in the acupoints LI4, LG11, ST36, ST44); EP - EA-sham (EP+ EA in sham acupoints). For the EP groups, a ligature was placed around the right mandibular first molars at day 1. Sessions of EA or EA-sham were assigned every other day. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the percentage of bone area in the furcation area. Immunolabeling patterns in the periodontal tissues and immunofluorescent staining in the trigeminal ganglia and in the trigeminal spinal tract for CB1 and CB2 receptors were performed. It was observed increased bone loss in the furcation in the EP and EP-EA-sham groups, in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). Enhanced CB2 immunolabeling was observed in the periodontal tissues in the EP-EA group, when compared to the EP and EP-EA-sham groups (p < 0.05). Increased CB1 immunofluorescent staining was observed in the neural tissues in the EA treated group in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05), while no expression of CB2 was observed in those regions. Our study showed that in the presence of inflammatory bone disease, EA treatment reduced bone erosion and increased the immunoexpression of CB1 in the neural tissues and CB2 in the periodontal tissues.

Lesões cervicais em área estética com exposição dos canais radiculares: o papel de uma abordagem multidisciplinar / Cervical lesions in the aesthetic zone with exposure of radicular canals: the role of a multidisciplinary approach

Introdução: algumas situações clínicas não se apresentam como ideais para o tratamento restaurador adequado e o profissional deve encontrar formas alternativas de acesso adequado à margem gengival. Objetivo: apresentar um caso de lesões cervicais com exposição vestibular de canais radiculares no qual a interação entre Endodontia, Odontologia Restauradora e Periodontia foi fundamental para seu sucesso. Relato de caso: o paciente apresentou lesões de cárie cervical subgengivais, com exposição dos canais radiculares dos dentes anteriores. O tratamento inicial foi realizado por meio de uma adaptação do isolamento com lençol de borracha. Após instrumentação, foi introduzida nos canais guta-percha recoberta com vaselina, para auxiliar na restauração temporária da superfície vestibular. O tratamento endodôntico e periodontal foi concluído posteriormente e os dentes foram restaurados durante a cirurgia periodontal, com resina composta. Conclusões: deve-se sempre considerar o planejamento multidisciplinar no tratamento de casos atípicos, bem como adaptar procedimentos convencionais para a abordagem de casos complexos, visando o restabelecimento da saúde, estética e função do paciente.

Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in generalized aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians and their family members.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the leukotoxin promoter types of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clones in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and in their family members (FM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with GAgP (33.9±7.1 years), 33 of their FM (22.8±11.4 years), and 41 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) (44.1±9.4 years) were clinically analyzed using the plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from four interproximal periodontal sites (>PD and >CAL) of each patient. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its leukotoxic clone was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed in 23 (51.1%) GAgP patients and 16 (30.1%) CP patients. Thirty-seven (94.8%) patients showed minimally leukotoxic strains and 2 (5.1%) showed highly leukotoxic strains. In the FM group, 10 (30.3%) had aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 12 (36.3%) had CP, 11 (33.3%) were periodontally healthy or had gingivitis, and 12.2% were A. actinomycetemcomitans positive. Greater full mouth PD and CAL were observed in GAgP patients positive for the bacteria than those negative for it (p<;0.05), and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans positively correlated with GAgP (Odds ratio, 3.1; confidence interval, 1.4-7.0; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with the clinical condition of GAgP, with most patients exhibiting a generalized form of the disease and minimally leukotoxic clones. Most of the relatives of GAgP patients presented either CP or AgP.

Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in generalized aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians and their family members

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the leukotoxin promoter types of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clones in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and in their family members (FM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with GAgP (33.9±7.1 years), 33 of their FM (22.8±11.4 years), and 41 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) (44.1±9.4 years) were clinically analyzed using the plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from four interproximal periodontal sites (>PD and >CAL) of each patient. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its leukotoxic clone was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed in 23 (51.1%) GAgP patients and 16 (30.1%) CP patients. Thirty-seven (94.8%) patients showed minimally leukotoxic strains and 2 (5.1%) showed highly leukotoxic strains. In the FM group, 10 (30.3%) had aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 12 (36.3%) had CP, 11 (33.3%) were periodontally healthy or had gingivitis, and 12.2% were A. actinomycetemcomitans positive. Greater full mouth PD and CAL were observed in GAgP patients positive for the bacteria than those negative for it (p<;0.05), and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans positively correlated with GAgP (Odds ratio, 3.1; confidence interval, 1.4-7.0; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with the clinical condition of GAgP, with most patients exhibiting a generalized form of the disease and minimally leukotoxic clones. Most of the relatives of GAgP patients presented either CP or AgP. .

Use of the connective tissue graft for the coverage of composite resin-restored root surfaces in maxillary central incisors.

The purpose of this article is to report the use of the subepithelial connective tissue graft technique combined with the coronally positioned flap on a composite resin-restored root surface to treat Miller Class I gingival recessions associated with deep cervical abrasions in maxillary central incisors. Clinical measurements, including gingival recession height, probing depth, and bleeding on probing (BoP), were recorded during the preoperative clinical examination and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. During the follow-up periods, no periodontal pockets or BoP were observed. The periodontal tissue of the teeth presented normal color, texture, and contouring. In addition, it was observed that creeping attachment had occurred on the restoration. This case report shows that this form of treatment can be highly effective and predictable in resolving gingival recession associated with a deep cervical abrasion.

Genótipos fimA de porphyromonas gingivalis e periodontite / Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes and periodontitis

Porphyromonas gingivalis é um dos principais patógenos envolvidos com o início e progressão da doença periodontal. Este microorganismo exibe uma diversidade genotípica e fenotípica que pode resultar em diferenças na capacidade dos clones induzirem destruição periodontal. Variações no potencial patogênico dos distintos genótipos do gene fimA de P. gingivalis foram relacionadas a diferentes doenças periodontais em diversos estudos. Esta revisão teve o objetivo de analisar criticamente os estudos que relacionaram as condições periodontais e os diferentes genótipos fimA de P. gingivalis. Foram incluídas publicações na língua inglesa de estudos clínicos em humanos, que avaliaram a relação entre as condições periodontais e os diferentes genótipos fimA de P. gingivalis. Doze estudos foram considerados válidos para a realização desta revisão. Pôde-se concluir que os genótipos fimA II e IV de P. gingivalis encontram-se frequentemente associados à periodontite crônica

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen involved in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. This microorganism exhibits a genotypic and phenotypic diversity which may result in differences in the ability to induce periodontal destruction of the clones. Variations in the pathogenic potential of different genotypes of fimA gene of P. gingivalis were related to different periodontal diseases in several studies. This systematic review aimed to critically analyze the studies that have linked periodontal conditions and the different fimA genotypes of P. gingivalis. We included English language publications of human clinical studies that evaluated the relationship between periodontal conditions and the different fimA genotypes of P. gingivalis. Twelve studies were considered valid for the completion of this review. It was concluded that fimA genotypes II and IV of P. gingivalis are often associated with chronic periodontitis.

Perda dentária e controle glicêmico de idosos diabéticos do tipo 2 / Tooth loss and glycemic control in elderly type 2 diabtes patients

Introdução: A diabetes é um dos principais fatores de risco relacionados à progressão da periodontite. Por outro lado, o tratamento periodontal ou a remoção de dentes comprometidos pode melhorar o controle glicêmicode diabéticos. Objetivo: Comparar, por meio de dados de prontuários, os níveis de glicemia de jejum (GJ) de idosos diabéticos do tipo 2 desdentados totais e dentados e, especificamente nestes, avaliar o efeito da doença periodontal sobre o seu controle glicêmico. Material e método: Idosos diabéticos tipo 2 totalmente desdentados (DESD - n = 124), assim como dentados (DENT - n = 65), foram selecionados segundo as seguintes características: idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, não fumantes e utilização de algum hipoglicemiante. Resultado: Observou-se diferença (p < 0,05) para média de GJ entre os grupos DESD (144,9 ± 66,9 mg.dL­1) e DENT (120,4 ± 38,0 mg.dL­1). Quando o grupo DENT foi subdividido dentre os que apresentavam periodontite (DENT-P; GJ = 126,7 ± 44,6 mg. dL­1) ou não (DENT-A; GJ = 117,4 ± 34,2 mg.dL­1), foi observada diferença apenas entre os grupos DESD e DENT-A.Também foi observado que o grupo DESD apresentou maior risco para apresentar hiperglicemia do que o grupo DENT. Para o corte de GJ = 126 mg.dL?1, foi observado Odds ratio - OR = 2,01 (IC 95% = 1,08 - 3,73). Para o corte de GJ = 170 mg.dL?1, OR = 2,47 (IC 95% = 1,07 - 5,76). Conclusão: Idosos desdentados diabéticos do tipo 2 possuem um risco maior para apresentar hiperglicemia do que indivíduos dentados. Entretanto, nestes, a presença de doença periodontal parece influenciar o seu controle glicêmico.

Introduction: Some studies had shown that the periodontal treatment can interfere with the glycemic control of diabetes patients. Thus, it can be hypothesized that in the absence of a periodontal infection, as in an edentulous or healthy periodontal patient, the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes patients can be improved. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes edentulous and dentate patients presenting or not periodontal diseases. Methods: There were selected type 2 diabetics according to thefollowing criteria: they must be non-smokers, aging 60 years or more and being under therapy with hypoglycemics. Subjects were assigned to two groups based on their respective dental condition: edentulous (DESD, n = 124) and dentate (DENT, n = 65) The glycemic control was analyzed by fasting serum glucose (FSG). Results: It was found significant differences (p < 0.05) for mean FSG between groups DESD (144.9 ± 66.9 mg.dL­1) and DENT (120.4 ± 38.0 mg.dL­1). But when the DENT group was divided according to the presence of periodontitis (DENT-P;FSG = 126.7 ± 44.6 mg.dL­1) or not (DENT-A; FSG = 117.4 ± 34.2 mg.dL­1), this difference was observed onlybetween DESD and DENT-A. It was also observed that DESD group showed higher risk to present hyperglycemia when analyzed through two FSG cutoffs: FSG = 126 mg.dL­1, Odds ratio (OR) = 2.01 (CI 95% = 1.08 - 3.73) and FSG = 170 mg.dL?1, OR = 2,47 (CI 95% = 1.07 - 5.76). Conclusions: Edentulous type 2 diabetes patients presented higher glycemic levels than dentate ones. But, in these patients, the presence of periodontal diseases, along with other non-investigated factors could interfere with their glycemic control.

A standardized research protocol for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation in rats

Introduction: The urgent need for studies using standardized protocols to evaluate the real biological effects of PRP has been emphasized by several authors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to standardize a methodology for autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) preparation in rats. Material and methods: Twenty-four, 5 to 6-month-old, male rats, weighing 450 to 500 g were used. After general anesthesia, 3.15 ml of blood was collected from each animal, via cannulation of the jugular vein. A standardized technique of double centrifugation was used to prepare PRP. PRP samples and peripheral blood platelets were then manually counted using a Neubauer chamber. Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between the number of platelets in peripheral blood and PRP samples (p < 0.05). In addition, PRP and peripheral blood smears were stained to see platelets’ morphology. Results: All surgical procedures were well tolerated by the animals and they were healthy during the entire experimental period. PRP samples showed higher significantly platelet concentrations than peripheral blood samples (2,677,583 and 683,680 respectively). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the method used produced autologous PRP with appropriated platelet quantity and quality, in rats.

Simultaneous application of combination of three surgical techniques for treatment of gingival recession: a case report.

The treatment of Miller class III gingival recession is considered a challenge in periodontal practice, and among the different techniques used, autogenous connective tissue graft has shown the most favorable results. In some cases, more than one procedure may be necessary. In this case report, we describe the simultaneous application of a combination of three techniques (the tunnel technique, a connective tissue graft and a laterally positioned flap) to treat a Miller class III gingival recession localized in the lower anterior region. Twelve months after surgical procedures, partial root coverage, favorable esthetic results and a gain in clinical attachment level were observed, with no periodontal pockets or bleeding on probing.

Ortodontia facilitada pela corticotomia: um método alternativo de tratamento / Corticotomy-facilitated Orthodontics: an alternative treatment metho

O número de pacientes adultos à procura de tratamento ortodôntico tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Entretanto, muitos pacientes postergam a realização do tratamento devido ao seu longo prazo de duração. Assim sendo, a Ortodontia vem sendo associada a cirurgias ósseas de corticotomia, no intuito de reduzir o tempo do tratamento ortodôntico e o risco de danos ao periodonto. Os autores revisam, neste trabalho, os estudos a respeito da técnica da Ortodontia Facilitada pela Corticotomia (OFC) e apresentam a mais recente modificação proposta para este método, com a inclusão de materiais para aumento ósseo alveolar. A OFC foi aplicada em diversos casos clínicos e em estudos histológicos, nos quais se verificou que o periodonto permaneceu sadio e não foram observadas perda de vitalidade dentária ou reabsorção radicular apical. O uso de materiais para aumento ósseo em associação à técnica da OFC proporcionou a manutenção e/ou o aumento da espessura óssea cortical existente previamente ao tratamento ortodôntico. A OFC, associada ou não a materiais para aumento ósseo alveolar, tem se mostrado segura e eficaz na diminuição do tempo do tratamento ortodôntico em pacientes adultos. Estudos histológicos com tempos de observação mais longos são necessários para analisar os efeitos dessa técnica nos tecidos periodontais e dentários em longo prazo. Estudos clínicos longitudinais prospectivos e histológicos também são necessários para avaliar a contribuição dos materiais para aumento ósseo no aumento da espessura alveolar, bem como no tratamento e na prevenção de deiscências e fenestrações ósseas

Análise da eficiência do protocolo de dupla centrifugação para o preparo do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) - estudo experimental em coelhos / Analysis of efficiency of the double-centrifugation protocol to prepare platelet rich plasma (PRP) - an experimental study in rabbits

Introdução e objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as concentrações de plaquetas obtidas de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) preparado de acordo com um protocolo de dupla centrifugação. Material e métodos: Foram utilizados 8 coelhos (White New Zealand) machos, adultos, com pesos entre 2,8 e 4 kg. Após anestesia geral, realizou-se punção cardíaca, obtendo-se 10 mL de sangue de cada animal. Cada amostra de sangue foi centrifugada de acordo com o protocolo de Sonnleitner et al. (2000). Fez-se, então, a contagem manual de plaquetas do sangue periférico (total) coletado de cada animal e das amostras de PRP. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística. A normalidade dos dados foi comprovada e o teste t de Student foi utilizado (p < 0,05). Resultados: As amostras de PRP apresentaram uma quantidade média de plaquetas significativamente maior que a do sangue periférico. Conclusão: Dentro dos limites deste estudo, concluiu-se que o protocolo de dupla centrifugação foi apropriado para a produção do PRP.

Introduction and objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of platelets obtained from platelet rich plasma (PRP) prepared according to the double-centrifugation protocol. Material and methods: Eight adult male rabbits (White New Zealand) weighing 2.8 to 4 kg were used. After general anesthesia, 10 ml of blood were drawn from each animal via cardiac puncture. Each blood sample was centrifuged according to the protocol of Sonnleitner et al. (2000). The peripheral blood (total) from each animal and the PRP samples platelets were counted manually. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. The normality of the data was confirmed and the Student?s t test was applied (p < 0.05). Results: PRP samples presented an average platelet count significantly higher than that of peripheral blood. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that the double-centrifugation protocol was adequate to prepare PRP.

Análise de um protocolo de única centrifugação para o preparo do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP): estudo em coelhos / Analysis of a single-centrifugation protocol to prepare platelet-rich plasma (PRP): a study in rabbits

Introdução e objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um protocolo de única centrifugação para o preparo do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP). Material e métodos: Foram utilizados 10 coelhos (White New Zealand) machos, adultos, com peso entre 2,8 e 4 kg. Após anestesia geral, foi realizada punção cardíaca, obtendo-se 10 mL de sangue de cada animal. Cada amostra de sangue foi centrifugada de acordo com um protocolo de única centrifugação para o preparo do PRP. Foi feita, então, a contagem manual de plaquetas do sangue periférico (total) coletado de cada animal e das amostras de PRP. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística. Resultados: A normalidade dos dados foi comprovada e o teste t de Student foi utilizado (p < 0,05). As amostras de PRP apresentaram uma quantidade média de plaquetas significativamente maior que a do sangue periférico (781875±217693 e 446389±181538, respectivamente). A concentração média de plaquetas das amostras de PRP em relação às amostras de sangue periférico foi de 180,73%±31,01. Conclusão: Dentro dos limites deste estudo, pôde-se concluir que o protocolo de única centrifugação para o preparo do PRP foi capaz de concentrar plaquetas em níveis menores do que o dobro da quantidade presente no sangue periférico. Futuros estudos são necessários para avaliar os reais efeitos biológicos de amostras de PRP preparadas de acordo com esse protocolo.

Introduction and objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single-centrifugation protocol to prepare platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Material and methods: Ten white adult male (New Zealand) rabbits weighing 2.8 to 4 kg were used. After general anesthesia, 10 ml of blood were drawn from each animal via cardiac puncture. Each blood sample was centrifuged according to a single-centrifugation protocol to prepare PRP. The platelets in the whole blood and PRP samples from each animal were counted manually. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: The normality of the data was confirmed and the Student's t test was applied (p < 0.05). PRP samples presented an average platelet count significantly higher than that of whole blood (781.875 ± 217.693 and 446.389 ± 181.538, respectively). The average percentage increase in PRP platelet count in relation to the whole blood was 180.73% ± 31.01. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the single-centrifugation protocol achieved lower platelet concentrations than the double amount of platelets presented in the whole blood. Further studies are required to evaluate the biological effects of PRP samples prepared according to this protocol.